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Full text description of video can be found at https://sites.google.com/site/mineguy101/home/lessons/lesson-3 Full series listing https://sites.google.com/site/mineguy101/home/lessons Series made in 1976 - Understanding the Earth by TV Ontario The series host was Dr. David Pearson a renowned English trained, Canadian geologist residing in Sudbury, Ontario. This geology course through Laurentian University in Ontario. "Understanding the Earth" originally aired on TVO Ontario in 1975 and rebroadcasted in 1986 Planet of Man Series -- Jigsaw Fit Host; Tuzo Wilson Plate Tectonics - Lesson 4 - Part 1 of 8 •Continental shift ole ideas -- like ships moving on a oceans •6 major plates divided into series of plates -- comprised both in land and ocean •Plates slide underneath, beside and overtop one another •Andes of South America -- Multiple ranges of north America -- Mountains of the western pacific and Indonesia -- Great Himalayan belt from Asia to western Europe. •Early recognition of the plates -- seismology was used to define narrow belts of earthquake activity. •Earthquake activity followed the boundaries of the plate •Animation of a world map, illustrating the earthquake centers caught by seismological equipment •Also discovered all the active volcanoes were discovered along these earthquake centers •Development of sonar (after WWII) they could now map the ocean floor •What they found is huge mountain ranges, and series of very deep trenches. • Early 60's they discovered the mid atlantic floor they were actually spreading -- sea floor spreading •Thoughts -- if sea floor is spreading?..then there must be some place where the result of the spreading is ending up?... Mountain belts. Planet of Man Series -- Jigsaw Fit Host; Tuzo Wilson Plate Tectonics - Lesson 4 - Part 2 of 8 •Early 70's plate tectonics -- enigma of mountains discovered with the theory of plate tectonics •Animation illustrating the slabs of individual plates from around the world. •Crust 60 miles thick •Isostatic rebound from the last ice age. • Hudson Bay is distingusished from this process by a indisntct shoreline and raised beach's •Plate name -- Euarasian Indo-Australian, African, American , Antarctic, Nazca, Pacific Plates. • Rock Types - Basalt at the tops of the spreading boundaries, upper layer of the plate, Perioditite (magnesium rich) lower layer of the plate. •Underwater eruption -- lava come into contact with the cold water forms pillow like shapes "Pillow lava" •Footage showing underwater eruptions. •Iceland -- entirely created from the spreading ridge of an active zone. •Iceland Geothermal uses • Mid-Atlantic oceanic ridge follows the shorelines of both Africa and South America. 200 million years to open to its current width. •Red Sea clearly shows also how Africa and Arabia fitted together/. •East Africa -- Great Rift Valley, early separation of this process like the Red Sea separation. The entire Rift Valley has volcanism. •Transform fault -- no mountains and no volcanoes but earthquakes are produced. It's the result of plates sliding past one another. These intense earthquakes occur mostly in the deep ocean basins. But sometimes they come on the continent -- San Andres Fault one example 700 miles long. •Animation showing the transform fault movement. •San Francisco earthquake lies along the San Andreas fault. •Footage of the 1906 earthquake •Entire city was destroyed Planet of Man Series -- Jigsaw Fit Host; Tuzo Wilson Plate Tectonics - Lesson 4 - Part 3 of 8 •Scientists in the early 70's predicted another San Fran earthquake •Two oceanic plates converge the point of contact is a deep trench •Animation illustration two oceanic plates converging •Molten rock produced from two oceanic plates is granitic •Island Arcs produced -- Japan •"Ring of Fire" •These are violent volcanoes •Earthquake fFootage of the Andes mountain system •Andes mountain is the oceanic plate heads underneath the continental margin of South America. No Island arcs. Volcanic mountain ranges. •Matchopeacho footage monument to a past civilization •Excellent example of converging plates. •Animation showing the formation of the Himalayas •Alps and Pyrenees formed the same way •Animation showing Pangaea and the formation of the present day continents Planet of Man Series -- Jigsaw Fit Host; Tuzo Wilson Plate Tectonics - Lesson 4 - Part 4 of 8 Andes mountain is the oceanic plate heads underneath the continental margin of South America. No Island arcs. Volcanic mountain ranges. •Matchopeacho footage monument to a past civilization •Excellent example of converging plates. Understanding the Earth - Plate tectonics Host; Dr David Pearson Plate Tectonics - Lesson 4 - Part 5 of 8 •Theory of Plate Tectonics •North American geologists skeptical of the theory of the idea of continents moving •Geologists of Europe were less skeptical